Moldeo por inyección LSR: proceso, costo y materiales (2026)

El moldeo por inyección LSR es un proceso de fabricación que inyecta caucho de silicona líquido curado con platino de dos partes en un molde calentado, donde se reticula en una pieza de elastómero termoestable terminada en segundos. Debido a que cura químicamente en lugar de congelarlo, la pieza permanece termoestable y no se puede fundir ni reformar, por lo que LSR es el material elegido para piezas de gran volumen en aplicaciones automotrices, médicas y electrónicas. Este artículo describe los conceptos básicos de este proceso etapa por etapa, incluidos los factores que debe considerar para seleccionar el mejor durómetro y grado de caucho de silicona, desglose de costos y cómo elegir un fabricante.

¿qué es el moldeo por inyección LSR?

El moldeo por inyección LSR se realiza cuando se inyecta un caucho de silicona líquido curado con platino de dos partes en una cavidad de molde que ya está caliente, curándose para convertirse en la parte final del elastómero en segundos. A diferencia de los termoplásticos que se solidifican al enfriarse y se derriten cuando se aplica calor nuevamente, el LSR experimenta una reticulación permanente (se establece como un termoestable) y no se puede fundir ni volver a plegar.

En el nivel fundamental, el material son dos líquidos separados. El componente A contiene un catalizador de platino y el componente B contiene el reticulante (es decir, metil hidrógeno siloxano) y un inhibidor, que evita que reaccione prematuramente mientras los dos componentes se almacenan en suspensión. El componente B también contiene un homopolímero inerte de polisiloxano de cadena larga reforzado con carga de sílice tratada. Cuando se mezcla 1:1 en una cavidad caliente, se produce la reacción de adición (o hidrosililación) catalizada por platino, uniendo químicamente las cadenas en un elastómero uniforme. Un ampliamente referenciado (publicado en el Revista de fabricación y procesamiento avanzados muestra cómo la temperatura de la cavidad y el tiempo de permanencia alcanzado dentro de ella son responsables de qué tan reticulado (o qué parte de él se forma) está el elastómero, la variable que dicta si el material se entrecruza completamente y está terminado o permanece pegajoso.

Dado que el material permanece líquido hasta que se ha curado, el LSR fluye y llena paredes delgadas y microcaracterísticas que los materiales más rígidos no pueden, con un destello bajo. Esa trinidad de química biológica, flujo compatible con la automatización y excelente estabilidad térmica en un rango de temperatura de -50 °C a +250 °C hace que el LSR sea el material elegido tanto para las piezas externas de contacto con la piel como para las piezas de automóviles debajo del capó. Obtenga más información sobre lo que se puede lograr en nuestro guía de mejores prácticas para moldeo de caucho de silicona líquida.

Cómo funciona el proceso de moldeo por inyección LSR: el ciclo de inyección de 7 etapas

El proceso de moldeo por inyección de LSR se basa en el curado mediante una reacción de adición: la silicona mixta se mantiene en el canal frío alrededor de 15-25 °C, luego la cavidad calentada (normalmente alrededor de 200 °C) activa el catalizador de platino, reticulando la parte en segundos con cero destellos y cero. chatarra del corredor para curar. La forma más intuitiva de imaginarlo es un único bucle continuo. Debajo del ciclo de inyección LSR de 7 etapas resumido para una referencia conveniente, otras guías a menudo dispersan las fases en párrafos.

Una máquina LSR está diseñada para dosificar, no para plastificar. En lugar del típico cilindro alternativo y tornillo de prensa termoplástica para fundir bolitas de plástico, la prensa LSR se basa en una unidad dosificadora y bombas para dosificar los componentes A/B 1:1 en un mezclador estático, mientras que la fuerza de sujeción asienta la herramienta cerrada contra la presión de inyección. Dado que la vulcanización ocurre sólo en una cavidad calentada con entrega por canal frío, las prensas LSR son funcionalmente “sin corredor”, no hay nada que solidificar en la alimentación enfriada.

The key to it all is the cold runner. For one thing, trade editors at Tecnología de plásticos Magazine’s Plastics Technology (as noted earlier) tell us LSRs have longer cure times than typical thermoplastic cooling times and crucially, can’t be reground. The cold runner precisely addresses this: only part-volume is introduced and cured, and there’s no runner (and therefore no sprue, no trimmings) that cures. This, too, is what makes the engine core of LSR tool making patentable–the patent official records for methods for LSR injection molding device(EP1293323B1).

¿cómo se cura el LSR?

LSR is cured by heat-activated platinum (addition) cure, not by the pressure or evaporation that many plastics rely on. When the 1:1 A/B blend reaches a hot cavity, the platinum catalyst drives a hydrosilylation reaction that cross-links the liquid into a solid in seconds. Thin sections gel in under a second; thicker walls take longer as heat diffuses to the core. No by-products are released, which is why platinum-cured LSR is clean enough for medical and food-contact parts.

LSR vs HCR, TPE, and RTV Silicone

LSR is a two-part pumpable liquid that cures via the addition of platinum; HCR (high consistency rubber) is a stiff gum that must be milled and press-cured; RTV cures at room temp and is best for low volume parts; and TPE is a remeltable plastic. Practically speaking, if you’re looking for highly automated, high volume, and high-precision parts, LSR wins; on lower volume and lower tooling budget jobs, its cold runner tooling cost is hard to justify. Here’s the math not a vague high-medium-low comparison chart.

¿cuál es la diferencia entre HCR y LSR?

HCR comes as a pre-compounded solid gum that needs milling and press curing. LSR comes as a pair of pumpable liquids which need metering and injection. HCR transfer molding processes exhibit less control and more part-to-part variation. The LSR cold runner injection process produces high repeatability with near-zero scrap. However, the tooling require precision cooledrunners, thus HCR can be selected for low volumes. See the full LSR versus HCR comparison article.

¿cuál es la diferencia entre RTV y LSR?

RTV (room-temperature vulcanizing) silicone cures slowly without heat, suiting prototypes and very low volumes; LSR cures in seconds in a heated tool for automated production. Choose RTV for a few parts, LSR for tens of thousands. If plastic parts might work instead, see our LSR frente a TPE article.

LSR Materials and Durometer Selection

Two factors will guide you when choosing LSR: Durometer Band and Grade Family. LSR durometers range from a soft 5 A to a hard 80 A, but most stock grades fall between 30 A and 70 A. The durometer band should be related to the failure mode, so an optic lens need a different band than a soft seal or a tactile keypad. Selecting the right band for the part class, which many competitors don’t address, is the most efficient way to proceed. Look at the Durometer-to-Application Map below.

Grade Family Selection is next. Different grades will have varied mechanical data – increased filler content results in higher tensile strength and tear strength – so the specific grade data sheet, not just the durometer, defines if the part will stand up to its application. Low-durometer grades down to Shore A 5 serve soft seals, while self-lubricating grades cut surface friction. Typical grades exist for general industry applications; and specific grades for soft seals (down to 5 A durometer); self-lubricating (phenyl-modified) grades to lower surface friction; self-bonding grades to adhere directly to other plastics; optical grades for clarity and transparency; and medical grades – a very important consideration because they must match the ISO 10993 and/or USP Class VI listed compound and cannot just be labelled “medical silicone”. The major manufacturers of LSR have these grades readily available with data – Engelhardt further sorts the grades according to the specific failure mode and validates the specified biocompatibility compounds as opposed to taking a general label. You can select the right durometer band using our LSR durometer selector.

“The most common buyer mistake we correct is over-specifying durometer or asking for ‘medical silicone’ without naming the listed USP Class VI compound. The grade has to match the failure mode, a feeding valve that needs to seal at Shore A 10 should not be quoted in a 50-durometer general-purpose grade.”

LSR Overmolding and Two-Shot Molding

LSR overmolding uses liquid silicone directly on rigid substrates – PA, PBT, PC, PPSU, or metal inserts – to produce soft-hard parts in one or two shots. The bonding happens through a primer or, increasingly, self-bonding LSR grades that create a chemical cross-link to the substrate during cure to eliminate the primer. That’s one reason overmolding adoption is increasing: A self-adhesive grade make the process a one-operation affair instead of two.

Two-shot (2K) molding processes both materials (substrate, then LSR) in the same tool, while insert molding adds the substrate prior to overmolding. Key design risk lies in the bond prep – surface energy and cleanliness determine bond success through thermal cycling. a study of LSR over thermoplastic molding found that dynamic mold heating and substrate pretreatment substrate prep can materially improve bonds. The guidelines are in our silicone overmolding guide.

Design and Tooling for LSR Injection Molding

LSR is most concerned with controlling flash, shrinkage, and mold release. Since it’s a low-viscosity liquid, it flows into any opening and so gates, venting, and parting lines play a greater role than in thermoplastic tooling. Plan on 2-3% shrinkage, keep wall sections even, and locate gates to hide them. Mold-flow simulation predicts fill patterns, vacuum venting, and shrinkage before you commit steel; tools that run higher volumes use hardened tool steel (aluminum is fine for low volumes), and a light release agent or a polished cavity assists mold release. Tolerances for stock parts are typically linear to .001in/in [0.025mm/mm], broken out into grades by ISO 3302-1, and medical parts often go to cryogenic deflashing. There are three primary mistakes we make:

• Treating LSR flash like the thermoplastic stuff. You want flashless molding tooling and precise vent location; your “good enough” part line appears as a trim job on every piece produced.
• Forgetting to include shrinkage early in the design process. it’s much higher than for a thermoplastic, between 2 to 3%, and will differ based on thegrade-the process should include it in the tool, not as part of the inspection report.
• Putting the mass in the mold’s sections . Thicker features cause the entire shots to be stuck with a specific curing process, impacting overall process efficiency; core these parts to protect throughput.

Central to the mold is the cold-runner valve-gate technology, which, at time of original write, was patent protected (a good description is in EP1293323B1),. Check out our full LSR design guidelines for the complete checklist.

What Drives LSR Injection Molding Cost: The 4-Lever Cost Stack

LSR part cost stacks from four levers — cold-runner tooling, cavitation, automation level, and material grade — so the high tooling cost amortizes into a low per-part price only when volume and cavitation are high. The open web is thin on real LSR prices, and we will not invent dollar figures here.

What is reliable is the structure of the cost and how the levers trade against each other. Buyers on engineering forums keep asking “how much will the mold cost, and the unit cost?” — so here is the honest framework. This is the 4-Lever LSR Cost Stack.

LSR Applications: Medical, Automotive, Electronics, and Consumer

You find LSR anytime there’s a need for a part to be flexible, bio-compatible and hold properties at temperature extremes. There are a few segments that create high demand; the big three segments exploit unique characteristics of LSR: We’ve provided a table below that sorts out common LSR applications into the 3 major industries. It also identifies key properties for each application with a range based on durometer. Think of this as a shortcut from “What am I Molding” to “What Grade and hardness do I quote.”

Medical. Image an infant feeding valve that is molded from Shore A 10…it needs to seat under low force, withstand hundreds of sterilization cycles and be molded from the exact compound listed to USP Class VI and ISO 10993. Another compound of the same hardness (Shore A 10 here) might mold up fine yet still fail qualification — the grade passes the audit, not the durometer.

This is also how our respirator, auto-injector and diagnostic valve parts will operate.

Automotive AnEVconnectorseal operates where heat, vibration and ingress protection meet. A temperature range from -50°C to +250°C plus good compression set give a LSR seal resilience through an entire battery pack’s thermal extremes that a TPE would soften and fail to seal. Rising vehicle electrification is increasing sealing and connector usage, both driven up by LSR.

Electronics and consumer. Overmolded keypad in custom gasketfree LSR sealing each button against a PCB housing. Also consider this material for wristbands and apparel, Phone accessory coverings, baby products and kitchen tools, see our aplicaciones de caucho de silicona líquida overview. We mold custom silicone parts for applications of all types.

How to Choose an LSR Injection Molding Manufacturer

But underneath all these questions boils down to one single criteria. Can the LSR molder maintain a valid and repeatable cold runner process at your volumes and with the necessary certifications your market requires? Thermoplastic is NOT experience you can carry over; LSR tooling, gating, and cure are all separate disciplines. Use this as your LSR molders RFO checklist.

• Certifications in your own market – ISO 9001 for quality, IATF 16949 for automotive, FDA / LFGB / NSF and USP Class VI / ISO 10993 for medical and food contact.
• Home-made cold-runner tools – will they cut/tune the critical valve- gated tool, or is the toughest part sent out?
• Automation and clean room capability – robotic demold for precision; mold for medical in a cleanroom.
• On-Site QC and Material Traceability: On-site quality control plus all the necessary physical and chemical testing including the referenced listed grade on the certificate.

For perspective, Engelhardt has approx. 700 machines (including one with a 2,000 tonnagepress), over 80- vulcanizing machines and 2- 55 liter sil./rub. mix lines that give approx. 3,000 tons/year. The molds are built in an internal 3,500 m² mold-making workshop, using Makino, Roeders and Standy machines, over 500 mold sets per year, running round-the-clock, 365 days per year- and parts are tested in the plant’s own chemical/physical QA/QC Laboratory. The facility maintains Litegot ISO 9001, IATF 16949, FDA, LFGB, and NSF, the reason why we can reference a specific formulation rather than generic claims and scope a grade to the listed USP Class VI compound. Start your project from our Moldeo por inyección LSR hub.

The LSR Outlook: Where Demand Is Heading

The real lever on LSR volume in the next few years isn’t the broad rise in demand – it’s three specific forces. And all three disrupt buyers’ planning. First is regulatory – the bio-eval criteria for medical silicone are changing.

While 21 CFR 177.2600 is still the standard for food contact applications, the 2025 revision of ISO 10993-1 (published in late 2025) updates how your supplier must document medical silicones. Instead of simply checking boxes, suppliers’ evidence based on lifecycle impact and structured risk will align with ISO 14971. What it means to you: for your next injection mold purchase for medical devices, prepare for added time to verify the grade documentation from your supplier’s medical silicones are up to the new standards.

Second is tech. Primer-less self bonding LSR’s; micro-moldable high flow grades; and servo driven automation with cold runner-all contribute to a broader range of LSR applications and costs; smaller electronics; and softer overmolding. Third is vehicle electrification: every additional sensor, every connector, and every battery seal need a material with that thermal stability.

To provide context, the LSR market size estimated by market researchers to be in the mid-single-digit to high-single-digit percentage rate annual growth (directional only – individual company forecasts may vary widely) – this information will serve to inform you, but buying is based upon the other three criteria mentioned above. If you’ve a 2026 or 2027 program already scoped out, then the plan is very direct; lock tooling lead times now and secure grade availability for the specific durometer and certification required.

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